Ivan Tikhonov This article discusses what changes occur in the make-up water when it enters the boiler circuits of heat supply systems. Heat supply systems can be with a single- and double-circuit. In the first case, mains water circulates in the heat supply system directly through the hot water boiler. In the second case, mains […]

Ivan Tikhonov Na – cation exchange water softening is perhaps the most common process for preparing water for various industrial and drinking purposes. The meaning of this process is that dissolved polyvalent ions are replaced by sodium ions in water. As a result, the water softens and heavy metals are removed from the water. This […]

Ivan Tikhonov Guidelines for maintaining the water-chemical mode of steam boilers prescribe continuous blowdown of boilers based on dry residue or salt content. For example, RTM 108.030.114-77 (Stationary steam boilers of low and medium pressure. Organization of a water-chemical mode) gives the following formula for calculating the percentage of continuous blowdown based on the boiler […]

Ivan Tikhonov The article discusses the main methods of water purification for drinking and household needs. Household centralized and decentralized water supply networks are accepted as a source of water supply.  Recommendations on the selection of water treatment equipment and materials are given. It is no secret that the drinking water that enters our home […]

If you have a water softener at home or you have to work with Na-softener, and it is not possible to make a chemical analysis for hardness, then there is an easy way to find out whether the softener installation functions properly. To do this, it is necessary to measure the electrical conductivity of the […]

Ivan Tikhonov The article deals with the problem of operational control of the process of ion water softening. The dependence of the electrical conductivity of water on its hardness value for the water softening process is presented. The article presents a control system for the water softening installation based on programmable relay. The results of […]

Ivan Tikhonov Annotation This article discusses the existence of various forms of carbon dioxide in water. The importance of measuring the pH value in determining the ratios of bicarbonates, carbonates and hydrates is shown. The article presents a method for calculating the pH value of water depending on the ratio of various forms of carbon […]

Ivan Tikhonov The article presents a method for calculating the pH value, which corresponds to the saturation of water by calcium carbonate and compares this pH value with the pH value obtained by calculating with Langelier saturation index and Stiff & Davis index. Corrosion and scale formation are the main problems in the usage of […]

Ivan Tikhonov The water – chemical mode (WCM) of steam boilers must provide effective and reliable operation of a boiler house.  In fact, this is achieved by creating conditions that exclude possible processes of scale formation or various corrosion damage of equipment and pipelines. These conditions are created with the help of water treatment systems, […]

Ivan Tikhonov The consumption of salt for the regeneration of Na-softening filters is one of the most expensive items in the operation of water treatment equipment. Modern water softening systems are fully automated. The operator only needs to add salt to the feeder (salt solvent tank) after it has been consumed. Modern valves automatic control […]